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4 Countries That Produce the Most Food
Reviewed by Michael J Boyle
Fact checked by Ryan Eichler
CR Shelare / Getty Images
Have you ever thought of where your food comes from? The world’s top four food-producing countries by agricultural value are China, India, the U.S., and Brazil. These countries have large populations, ample land area, and climate zones suitable for growing a variety of crops. But, there are major differences in how food production plays in their economies. In this article, we examine the agricultural strengths and weaknesses of each of the four leading food producers.
Key Takeaways
- The world’s top food-producing countries are China, India, the U.S., and Brazil
- China is the world’s largest grain producer, yet is more dependent on food imports.
- Much of India’s output is produced by subsistence farmers and consumed locally.
- The U.S. is the world’s top food exporter thanks to high crop yields and extensive agricultural infrastructure.
- The world’s fourth-largest food producer and second-largest importer, Brazil is heavily dependent on imports from China.
China
As of most recent data from 2023, China was by far the world’s leading agricultural producer with annual output valued at $1.69 trillionâ$1.65 trillion was attributed to food, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. A key factor was China’s status as the world’s second-most populous country with a population of 1.42 billion as of 2025, slightly under India’s 1.46 billion.
China has only 10% of the world’s arable land yet produces a quarter of the global grain output and leads the planet in the production of cereals, cotton, fruit, vegetables, meat, poultry, eggs, and fishery products, according to FAO. While much of China’s territory is too mountainous or too arid for farming, the rich soils of its eastern and southern regions are extremely productive.
China also has one of the world’s largest pools of agricultural labor. Though the proportion of workers in food production has decreased steadily from 60% in 1991, farm work still accounted for 25% of national employment as of 2019.
Despite the growth of China’s agricultural output, it reportedly went from full self-sufficiency in food production as of 2000 to relying on imports for more than 23% of its food needs by 2020. Declining soybean output, rising grain imports, and the continuing loss of farmland to industrial and urban development were blamed.
In 2023, China was the world’s top importer of agricultural products, with imports valued at $140 billion. The strong value of imports is largely due to rising consumer demand. Top exporters to China included Thailand, New Zealand, Brazil, and the U.S.
Important
Agricultural output includes both food and non-food products. Examples of non-food agricultural goods include silk, rubber, wool, cotton, and tobacco.
India
The world’s largest country by population, India had the second-highest agricultural output at $553.69 billion in 2023. Of that total agricultural output, $516.62 billion was attributable to food production.
India is the world’s largest producer of milk, jute, and pulses (a class of legumes that includes dry beans, lentils, and chickpeas). India is also the world’s second-largest producer of rice, wheat, sugarcane, fruit, vegetables, cotton, and groundnuts.
Despite achieving self-sufficiency in grain production, India remains heavily reliant on subsistence agriculture as by far the poorest country on this list on a per capita basis. This has dictated the inefficient use of limited resources, particularly water, leaving output dependent on seasonal monsoons and crop yields below the global average. Shortcomings in infrastructure and the distribution systems for produce have caused post-harvest losses of up to 40% for some crops.
Despite such obstacles, India remains the world’s largest exporter of refined sugar and milled rice. Strong exports of rice, cotton, soybeans, and meat made India take the ninth place among global agricultural exporters in 2022.
The United States
The U.S. ranked third in 2023 agricultural output at $459.85 billionâ$443.15 billion of which was foodâ despite employing a small fraction of the agricultural workforce of China or India. Corn, soybeans, dairy, raw milk, wheat, and sugar beets were the top five U.S. agricultural commodities by value in the same year.
Cereal crop yields and output have continued to rise despite a significant decline in planted acreage in recent decades.
The U.S. was by far the leading global agricultural exporter in 2023 with exports valued at $171.15 billion. Canada, China, Mexico, and Japan are also among the leading importers of U.S. agricultural products.
California accounted for 11.5% of U.S. agricultural production in 2023 with dairy, grapes, and cattle among its top commodities. Other major agricultural producers include Iowa, Nebraska, Texas, and Illinois.
Important
After a downturn in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prices of key agricultural commodities rebounded in 2021, then soared to record highs in early 2022 as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine jeopardized supplies from two major grain exporters.
Brazil
Brazil was the world’s fourth-ranked agricultural producer in 2023 with output valued at $281.74 billion. Brazil’s agricultural output of food was $270.58 billion.
The Brazilian economy has historically focused on agriculture, particularly sugarcane. The proportion of the workforce employed in agriculture has declined steadily over the past three decades, from 20% in 1991 to 8% by 2023.
Brazil is the top global exporter of soybeans, raw sugar, and poultry. Its soybeans exports of $53.1 billion in 2023 were the largest for an agricultural commodity from a single country. China accounted for almost $56 billion of Brazil’s agricultural exports that year, almost 10 times more than the second-largest importer.
Which Countries Produce the Most Food?
China, India, the United States, and Brazil are the world’s top agricultural producers, in that order.
Which Country Is the Largest Agricultural Exporter?
The United States is the largest exporter of agriculture, accounting for 9.6% of total global export value in 2022.
Which Countries Produce the Most Food Waste?
Many countries contribute to food waste. According to the United Nations, an estimated 1.05 billion tonnes of food was wasted in 2022 globally. China, India, and Pakistan had the highest amounts of food waste in 2024, with 108.7 million, 78.2 million, and 30.8 million tonnes annually.
The Bottom Line
Many factors influence the level of food production in a country, including land area, size of population, climate, and the quality of agricultural infrastructure and technology. While the U.S. is the top exporter of agricultural commodities, other countries including China, India, and Brazil have emerged as major food suppliers.
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âI Looked Into His Eyes⌠I Saw His Soul Leave and It Took Mine, Tooâ â Twin Brother of Murdered Texas Teen Describes His Brotherâs Final Moments After Fatal Stabbing at Track Meet
The nation reels in heartbreak and fury after the senseless murder of 16-year-old student-athlete Austin Metcalf, a standout football and track star at Frisco Memorial High School, who was viciously stabbed to death in broad daylight during a school track meet.
The suspect, 17-year-old Karmelo Anthony from a rival school, Frisco Centennial, has been charged with first-degree murder.
The altercation, according to multiple reports, stemmed from nothing more than a simple request â Austin and his twin brother Hunter asked the Karmelo, who wasnât even part of their team, to move from under their tent. Thatâs it.
A moment that shouldâve passed with words instead turned into a deadly act of violence â a stabbing that ended a young life full of promise.
Hunter Metcalf, who witnessed his brotherâs final moments, recounted the harrowing scene with gut-wrenching clarity.
Hunter:
âThis kid was sitting under our tent at track. We asked him to move. He started getting aggressive and talking reckless. And my brother, he said, âYou need to move.â Heâs like, âMake me move.â Also, he grabbed his backpack. This kid â I tried to whip around as fast as I could, but I didnât see the stab. But then I looked at my brother, and Iâm not going to talk about the rest. Thatâs just what I saw.I tried to help him. It was just senseless. It was really senseless. I donât know why a person would do that to someone just over that little argument. Itâs just crazy in this world nowadays how people just up and do that. A man has a family, that man has people that care about them all the time. And he did everything for our family, too. He was a strong kid.â
WATCH:
NEW: The identical twin of 17-year-old Austin Metcalf speaks out after witnessing his brother get stabbed in the chest.
I canât imagine his pain.
Austin Metcalf passed away in his twin brother Hunterâs arms after getting stabbed in the heart.
The 4.0 student was attacked⌠pic.twitter.com/oo5abenutl
â Collin Rugg (@CollinRugg) April 3, 2025
In an emotional and gut-wrenching interview with Fox News reporter Will McCain, Hunter Metcalf, with his mom Megan, recounted the horrific moment his twin brother died in his arms.
Speaking through visible anguish, Hunter described how his brother attempted to intervene in a dispute that quickly turned deadly.
Will McCain:
Then what happened, Austin? After your brother stepped up, what happened then?Hunter Metcalf:
He stepped up over there, asked him to move, got aggressive. He grabbed the bag. And then I turned my head around, and all of a sudden, I see him running down the bleachers, just grabbing his chest. He justâThe blood was rushing out. He said, âYeah, he got stabbed. He got stabbed.â
At first, I froze for half a second. I didnât know what to do. Then I saw him about to fall. I went over thereâI grabbed him. Iâ
I seeâŚWill McCain:
Yeah, I understand. Thatâs the best I can understand.Hunter Metcalf:
You can see. You can picture what happenedâwhat was coming out of his chest. You all can visualize all this stuff. I donât want to put that on my mom right now, butâ I pushed my hand on there, trying to make it stop, and I grabbed his head, and I looked in his eyes.I just saw his soul leaving⌠and it took my soul, too.
Following the interview, McCain released a statement after facing backlash for appearing insensitive toward a family mourning the loss of their loved one.
McCain:
âI know some people arenât happy we did the interview with Hunter and Megan Metcalf. I understand. This was really hard to hear.
A lot of people wonder why we did this today. Well, they wanted to share their story. Everyone grieves differently.Iâve learned that families talk on TV after these horrible moments because they often want to tell the world about their lost loved one. Share with all of us about Austin.
It was very emotional. And I understand everyone feeling a range of emotions. I would never do it for ratings or to exploit their grief. All I can tell you is I think this story is important. And it hit close to home. I donât know that I did the interview perfect but I did my best. Hopefully that helped them a little to share with us the character of Austin. My thoughts and prayers are with the Metcalf family.â
WATCH:
ďťż
The post âI Looked Into His Eyes⌠I Saw His Soul Leave and It Took Mine, Tooâ â Twin Brother of Murdered Texas Teen Describes His Brotherâs Final Moments After Fatal Stabbing at Track Meet appeared first on The Gateway Pundit.
Blaze News original: Trump’s reciprocal tariffs â and decades of devastating fees the world pushed on America
President Donald Trump has repeatedly scorched decades of unfair trading practices for hindering the United States’ economy. He dubbed Wednesday, April 2, ”
Liberation Day” for America, unveiling a sweeping list of new tariffs targeting nations â both friends and adversaries â that have long burdened the U.S. with far higher fees than it has placed on them in return.
The administration had previously
announced that it planned to roll out “reciprocal tariffs,” explaining that the U.S. would begin imposing balanced fees. Trump left room for some exceptions to this rule, noting that countries fueling America’s illegal immigration and drug crisis would face significantly higher tariff rates.
âThey charge us; we charge them.â
While Trump and his Cabinet have maintained that increasing tariffs will boost the U.S. economy, his Democratic critics and their corporate media allies contend it will have the opposite effect â passing the increased costs of imports on to American consumers. Everything from vehicles to everyday necessities, including gas and groceries, will skyrocket, according to Trump’s detractors.
The fierce backlash and potential economic uncertainty of the unprecedented tariff hikes appeared to influence Trump to dial back his initial plan to implement across-the-board equal tariffs. Instead, on Wednesday, he revealed that most of the increases, while still reciprocal, are capped at about half the levels other nations currently slap on the U.S.
The new reciprocal tariffs
On
Wednesday afternoon, Trump announced the administration’s final decision on tariffs while highlighting how America has been treated unfairly.
Trump held up a chart listing the new “discounted reciprocal tariffs” next to “tariffs charged to the U.S.A.,” which he noted factored in currency manipulation and trade barriers, not tariff rates alone.
The chart listed China as charging the U.S. 67%.
“We’re going to be charging a discounted reciprocal tariff of 34%,” Trump said, referring to China. “They charge us; we charge them. We charge them less, so how can anybody be upset?”
“They will be because we never charge anybody anything,” he added.
Trump continued down the chart, stating that the European Union has been “very tough traders.”
“They rip us off,” the president declared.
âFor decades, our country has been looted, pillaged, raped, and plundered by nations near and far, both friend and foe alike.â
Trump noted that most of his administration’s reciprocal tariffs would amount to about half the rates foreign countries currently levy against the U.S. However, he stated that the administration would implement a 10% minimum baseline. For example, according to the chart, the U.S. will match the United Kingdom’s and Brazil’s 10% rate.
The administration rolled out the new tariff rates to address the U.S.’ $1.2 trillion trade deficit. According to Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, 15% of countries compose America’s most significant trade deficits. He dubbed those nations the “dirty 15” in a March interview with
Fox Business.
In its reasoning for the baseline rate, the White House cited a 2024 economic
analysis that found a global 10% tariff would generate $728 billion and 2.8 million new jobs.
High tariffs against the US
Trump highlighted instances when foreign countries imposed steep tariffs against the U.S., pulling data from the U.S. Trade Representative’s
2025 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers.
“For decades, our country has been looted, pillaged, raped, and plundered by nations near and far, both friend and foe alike,” he claimed.
“Let me offer just a few examples of the vicious attacks our workers have faced for so many years,” Trump continued. “The United States charges other countries only a 2.4% tariff on motorcycles. Meanwhile, Thailand and others are charging much higher prices, like 60%. India charges 70%. Vietnam charges 75%. And others are even higher than that.”
Trump also explained that the U.S. charged only 2.5% on foreign-made automobiles, while the European Union imposes over 10% tariffs with 20% VAT fees, and India charges 70%.
“Perhaps worst of all are the non-monetary restrictions imposed by South Korea, Japan, and very many other nations,” he added. “Toyota sells 1 million foreign-made automobiles into the United States, and General Motors sells almost none. Ford sells very little.”
As a result of the “horrendous imbalances,” Trump revealed that the U.S. would impose a 25% tariff on all foreign vehicles.
Trump stated that Canada imposed a 250% to 300% tariff on dairy products.
“China charges American rice farmers an over-quota, it’s called, tariff rate of 65%,” he stated.
âOfficial trade data appears to show that China fell far short of implementing its commitments to purchase US goods and services.â
According to the
U.S. Department of Agriculture, a tariff quota, or a two-tiered tariff, allows countries to impose a lower rate for initial imports and a higher rate for later ones.
Trump also noted that South Korea charges American rice farmers rates between 50% and 513%, while Japan imposes 700%.
A White House
fact sheet from Wednesday highlighted several more “unfair tariff disparities,” stating that the U.S. sets a 0% tariff on networking switches and routers, while India charges 10% to 20%.
“Brazil (18%) and Indonesia (30%) impose a higher tariff on ethanol than does the United States (2.5%),” it read. “Apples enter the United States duty-free, but not so in Turkey (60.3%) and India (50%).”
Trump’s critics have claimed that his recent increased tariffs will result in higher costs for American consumers, with some countries imposing their own retaliatory fees. However, the administration argued that the U.S. has been mistreated for decades â long before Trump hiked any rates.
While Democrats continue to paint a picture that Trump’s increases will spell disaster, a 2018 report from the
Pew Research Center stated that U.S. tariffs were “among the lowest in the world.”
“In 2016, according to the World Bank, the average applied U.S. tariff across all products was 1.61%; that was about the same as the average rate of 1.6% for the 28-nation EU, and not much higher than Japan’s 1.35%,” the report read.
However, it noted that the “average rates are weighted by product import shares with all of each nation’s trading partners, and don’t necessarily reflect the provisions of specific trade deals.”
In other words, these averages include all trade with every nation, so the actual tariffs imposed on the U.S. could be lower or even much higher depending on the product and the partner country.
China
The USTR’s latest annual foreign barriers report, cited by Trump, further exposed unequal trade practices between the U.S. and other nations, dedicating a significant portion of the document to detailing obstacles with China.
It stated that China has failed to follow through on implementing some of the “more important commitments” from its January 2020 economic and trade agreement with the U.S. The report specifically pointed to agriculture-related provisions and intellectual property and technology agreements.
“In addition, official trade data appears to show that China fell far short of implementing its commitments to purchase U.S. goods and services, which covered the years 2020 and 2021,” it read.
Prior to China joining the World Trade Organization, an international group dealing with trade rules and agreements, it imposed notoriously steep tariffs on the U.S. China was charging an average of 22.1% on all general imports and up to
100% on vehicles.
Meanwhile, the U.S. has historically imposed a 2.5% tariff on imported foreign vehicles before Trump took office.
Upon joining the WTO in 2001, China consented to bring auto tariffs down to 25% over a six-year period and farm products to 15% or less.
A 2010 USTR
report noted that China had made significant progress in lowering its tariffs after joining the WTO. However, it maintained “high duties on some products that compete with sensitive domestic industries.” According to the report, China imposed 30% tariffs on large motorcycles.
“Likewise, most video, digital video, and audio recorders and players still face duties of approximately 30 percent. Raisins face duties of 35 percent,” the report read.
India
In 2016, the USTR called India’s tariff system “complex and characterized by a lack of transparency in determining net effective rates.”
India, also a part of the WTO, reportedly had significant disparities between its Most Favored Nation rates and its bound rates, which are fees that generally cannot be exceeded for other WTO nations.
“India’s average bound tariff rate was 48.6 percent, while its simple MFN average applied tariff for 2014 was 13.5 percent,” the report stated.
At the time, the WTO listed India’s bound rate at 114%.
“India also maintains very high tariff peaks on a number of goods, including flowers (60 percent), natural rubber (70 percent), automobiles and motorcycles (60 percent to 75 percent), raisins and coffee (100 percent), alcoholic beverages (150 percent), and textiles (some ad valorem equivalent rates exceed 300 percent),” the USTR report read.
European Union
The
USTR reported in 2017 that the EU’s tariffs were “generally low for non-agricultural goods” but listed several higher fees, including 26% for fish and seafood, 10% for vehicles, 22% for trucks, 6.5% for fertilizers and plastics, and 14% for bicycles.
The 2025 updated USTR report revealed that tariffs remained at those same rates.
Brazil
A
1996 UTSR stated that Brazil’s maximum tariff level was 70%, which was down from 105% in 1990.
The USTR’s 2016
report revealed that despite Brazil being a part of the WTO, its maximum tariff rates were steep, including 55% for agricultural goods and up to 35% on industrial products.
“Brazil imposes relatively high tariffs on imports across a wide spread of sectors, including automobiles, automotive parts, information technology and electronics, chemicals, plastics, industrial machinery, steel, and textiles and apparel,” the report found.
The response
The Trump administration anticipates that some countries will respond to the tariff increases by implementing their own retaliatory fees. However, officials remain confident that the U.S. price hikes will bring more economic growth and not less.
Last month, Trump
warned, “It’s going to be very costly for people to take advantage of this country. They can’t come in and steal our money and steal our jobs and take our factories and take our businesses and expect not to be punished.”
âA long-overdue shift away from a harmful economic framework that has devastated the working class.â
“And they’re being punished by tariffs. It’s a very powerful weapon that politicians haven’t used because they were either dishonest, stupid, or paid off in some other form,” he stated.
Trump committed to removing tariffs for foreign companies that build their products in the U.S. He rattled off a list of businesses that have already agreed to make significant investments in the U.S., including Apple, SoftBank Group, OpenAI, Oracle, Nvidia, Johnson & Johnson, Eli Lilly and Company, and Meta. Trump also noted that several automakers are ramping up American investments.
United Auto Workers members applaud as President Donald Trump announces new tariffs during a Make America Wealthy Again trade announcement event in the Rose Garden on April 2, 2025, in Washington, D.C. Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
Trump pledged that Liberation Day would go down in history as the turning point that would “make America wealthy again,” stating that “jobs and factories will come roaring back into our country.”
The United Auto Workers, a union that endorsed Trump’s challenger, Vice President Kamala Harris (D), in the 2024 presidential election, has expressed strong
support for the president’s foreign automobile tariffs, calling it “a long-overdue shift away from a harmful economic framework that has devastated the working class.”
During his Wednesday address, Trump highlighted how the imbalanced trade market has also harmed American farmers and ranchers.
The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association backed Trump’s decision to impose higher tariffs.
“For too long, America’s family farmers and ranchers have been mistreated by certain trading partners around the world. President Trump is taking action to address numerous trade barriers that prevent consumers overseas from enjoying high-quality, wholesome American beef. NCBA will continue engaging with the White House to ensure fair treatment for America’s cattle producers around the world and optimize opportunities for exports abroad,”
said Ethan Lane, the association’s president of government affairs.
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